The Big Freeze: Cryotherapy

If you’re into science-fiction, then you’ve likely encountered a plotline where the hero is preserved for centuries in a cryogenic chamber, frozen alive until it's time to thaw and save civilization (a fine example is 1993 classic “Demolition Man” starring Sylvestor Stallone). While medical advancements continue to amaze us, the idea of using extreme cold for therapeutic purposes might seem strange. However, whole-body cryotherapy is becoming increasingly popular, promising a range of health benefits. To take the chill factor out of this fascinating and surprisingly accessible practice, we break down the science and potential rewards for those brave enough to put themselves on ice. 

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What is Cryotherapy?

Cryotherapy, derived from the Greek words "kryo" meaning cold and "therapeia" meaning cure, encompasses various techniques that utilize the therapeutic power of cold temperatures. The most popular form is whole-body cryotherapy (WBC), where individuals enter a cryochamber cooled to subzero temperatures (around -100°C to -140°C) for a brief stint, typically two to three minutes. In contrast, localized cryotherapy targets specific areas using devices that apply cold air or ice packs. 

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Cryotherapy’s Cold Truth

According to the Global Wellness Institute, the US is the largest cryotherapy market and the treatment has become so popular with celebrities, trendsetters and professional athletes that even luxury hotels have begun adding to their spa offerings. While cryotherapy's popularity has soared in recent years, research is ongoing to confirm its potential benefits. Here's a closer look at some of the promising advantages:

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• Pain Relief: Cryotherapy has shown promise in alleviating various types of pain, including musculoskeletal discomfort, arthritis, and sports injuries. The extreme cold may temporarily numb nerve endings, resulting in pain reduction and improved mobility.
• Reduced Inflammation: Cold therapy can help mitigate inflammation by constricting blood vessels and decreasing blood flow to inflamed areas. This mechanism may benefit individuals with inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and tendonitis.
• Faster Muscle Recovery: Athletes and fitness enthusiasts often use cryotherapy to accelerate muscle recovery post-exercise. The cold temperatures may aid in reducing muscle soreness, inflammation, and swelling, allowing for a faster bounce-back between workouts.
• Enhanced Mood and Energy: Cryotherapy sessions are associated with an endorphin release, leading to improved mood and a sense of well-being. Additionally, the adrenaline rush from exposure to cold temperatures can boost energy levels and mental alertness.
• Potential Skin Rejuvenation: Localized cryotherapy may promote collagen production and skin tightening, resulting in improved skin tone, texture, and appearance. It's commonly used for cosmetic purposes, such as reducing wrinkles, scars, and cellulite.
• Metabolic Boost: Some proponents suggest that cryotherapy can rev up the metabolism, potentially aiding in weight loss and management. Cold exposure prompts the body to work harder to maintain its core temperature, potentially burning calories in the process. However, this area definitely needs more research as a small 2016 study found no significant changes in body composition after 10 sessions. 
• Immune System Support: Cold therapy has been hypothesized to stimulate the immune system, making individuals more resilient to infections and illnesses. While research in this area is still evolving, some studies suggest that regular cold exposure may enhance immune function.

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Cool Your Jets: Moving Forward Cautiously

While many individuals report positive experiences and benefits, this anecdotal feedback doesn’t necessarily mean cryotherapy is worthwhile, especially since the research is still lacking and most people find cold temperatures to be excruciating. If you’re still curious, there are minimal risks and the treatment is considered safe overall, but as with any new wellness routine consult your doctor first.

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